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The Doppler may cause considerable phase variation in one hop, so the initial value will be estimated by a linear interpolation.
The QALY value will be estimated using straight line interpolation between data points.
and from the FMG (excluding management of cases already included in the calculation) during the six-month follow-up will also be obtained and their monetary value will be estimated, using the average cost per patient for both groups.
This is because each c value will be estimated with respect to the rest of the c values in the population via the distribution; therefore, the potential values that would be viable as an estimate are restricted.
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The QoS values will be estimated only on the insecure wireless channel.
All the parameter values will be estimated on the basis of that time unit.
As there is no closed form solution, these values will be estimated, in the next section, as the solution to an optimization problem.
To avoid unre-alistically large FAC densities around the magnetic equator due to near-horizontal inclinations, no FAC values will be estimated for magnetic field inclinations, ǀIǀ, smaller than 30°, i.e. about ±15° in latitude off the magnetic equator.
Lacking values will be estimated using the Multiple Imputation MCMC method [ 34].
For all probabilities, the 95%% confidence intervals will be used, and for costs high and low values will be estimated.
All additional p-values will be estimated exploratorily without adjustment of the level of significance, using two-sided test procedures.
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