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The uncertainty on the best-estimate value is approximated by a function of the uncertainties on material and process variables.
In the case of a finite sample, the expected value is approximated with the average of the observed values.
Certainly, some error is introduced, as the actual SNR value is approximated by the quantized SNR version.
This critical value is approximated by : m c ≈ a B K f 2 g f a U g c, which gives m c ≈ 0.5 for the parameter values used in the simulations (see Additional file 1 for derivation).
The p-value was approximated by the chi-square test.
The p-value was approximated by Pearson's chi-squared test.
The Spearman p-value was approximated using a two-sided Student's t-test.
Enrichment analysis for the supplied gene list was carried out by online software WEGO [ 56] (http://wego.genomics.org.cn/cgi-bin/wego/index.pl), in which the p-value was approximated by the chi-square test.
Subsequently, given an individual SNP's F-statistic, its p-value was approximated by shuffling phenotypes across all sires 200 times, while keeping the sires' genotypes for this SNP fixed.
Here, samples were randomly grouped to generate clustering trees 1,000 times, and the p-value was approximated by the fraction of times that the parsimony score for the randomized trees is smaller than or equal to the parsimony score of the observed tree.
The stored values are approximated, and therefore different approximation techniques are investigated as well.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com