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People may be supposed to have a fundamental right against the government, such as freedom of expression, when that right is important to their dignity, to their standing as persons equally entitled to concern and respect, or to some other personal value of consequence.
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Some popular views about the justification of desert claims are based on the idea that such claims can be justified by appeal to considerations about the values of consequences.
The process continues until the last IMF or the residue is less than a predetermined value of substantial consequence, or when the residue becomes a monotonic function from which no more IMF can be extracted.
An informed decision is made when individuals a) take into account the consequences of all the available options, b) assess the likelihood and value of those consequences without bias, and c) make trade-offs between these evaluations [ 43, 44].
Such philosophers argue, for instance, that the moral rights of those affected by an action place constraints on the worthiness of a choice independent of the value of the consequences of that choice.
It is probably more reasonable to suppose that animals learn about the relationship between their actions and consequences (just as they can also learn about the relationship between any other classes of events), and that they then modify their actions in accordance with the current value of these consequences.
Consider utilitarianism and other consequentialist approaches to the normative structure of morality, which interpret moral rightness in terms of the value of the consequences (of actions, policies, institutions, or other objects of moral assessment).
However, agent-relative consequentialists can assign more weight to the welfare of a friend of an agent when assessing the value of the consequences of that agent's acts.
Counterexamples aside, some have questioned whether the project-relative rationality of a presupposition (determined by the epistemic value of the consequences of accepting it) is enough to make it rational to accept that presupposition (Jenkins 2006).
Besides, anyone who wants to pick out a smaller set of moral theories that excludes this absurd theory may talk about evaluative consequentialism, which is the claim that moral rightness depends only on the value of the consequences.
Many other theories also hold that what it is right or wrong to do has at least in part to do with the intrinsic value of the consequences of the actions one can perform.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com