Sentence examples for value of causal from inspiring English sources

While IDA and CStaR take the minimum absolute value of causal effects from K subsampling runs (Maathuis et al., 2009, 2010; Stekhoven et al., 2012), aIDA uses the whole multisets of causal effects.

This is an adequate definition since by general results on the initial value problem of causal differential equations [13] the existence and uniqueness of solution for (2.1) and (2.2) are guaranteed.

We get from there to a causal explanation if we can intervene so as to manipulate the value of the causal variable by itself by stopping one group from smoking and letting an otherwise identical group smoke, for example.

As it is easy to get better power by selecting more SNPs, we also report on the same figure the number of SNPs selected by each algorithm and show that it remains reasonably close to the true value of 20 causal SNPs.

Independence between these random variables implies that the covariance between them is 0. The GMM/SMM estimate is taken as the value of the causal parameter, which equates the sample covariance between these variables in the data set to 0. We refer to the sample covariance as an "estimating function" rather than an objective function, because it is equated to 0 and not maximized or minimized.

In this section I review the work of Mackie (1974), as it is his work on counterfactual propositions that I argue is of most value to causal inference with LSAs.

The cluster multiplicity value and number of causal genes are positively correlated via Spearman's Rank Order correlation (r s 8) = 0.894, Spearman's t = 17.48, p < 0.05).

Thus John's saying "hello" may refer to the same event as John's saying "hello" loudly, but substituting the one description for the other may still change the truth-value of the causal claim.

For example, in the case of pre-primary education, using a uniform prior distribution ranging from (-infty) to (+infty) would say that all values of the causal effect across the real numbers are equally likely.

The model p-value of the causal model is p = 0.75 and the RMSEA is ≤ 0.001.

However, since the estimated values of the causal effects were similar with model M1 and the two derived models, results from these models are not presented.