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The maximum value of bias value is 32 dB, in other words, the actions have 17 levels.
It is clear that the absolute value of bias will not exceed 0.05 if π is less than 10%.
For example, in the absence of DNA controls or simulations an empirical Bayes approach with a sliding value of bias could be used and the robustness of AI estimates explored across a range of likely values of bias.
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As shown in Fig. 11, the absolute values of bias in low latitudes are smaller than those in mid-high latitudes.
Additionally, Table 1 (unit: TECU) presents the minimum, maximum, and mean values of bias and RMS values of the differences between forecasting VTEC values and final CODE VTEC values in 2009 and 2015.
The KM-7 measured the whole current-voltage characteristic (the probe current as a function of the probe potential), which consists of 11 IESP-type measurements at different values of bias current.
This is equivalent to the statement that equal values of bias (56) are provided by the estimate (58b) at the twice smaller training sample size K. C. Note, that, under conditions (59), the quadratic form in (57a) could be computed in more simple way by using the estimate (58b) instead of (58a).
However for the left limb, in the forward-backward direction, bias was slightly further towards the body (more negative values of bias) later in the block (Figure 11D).
RT bias scores were corrected (reverse sign and multiply by 10) so that they would be easier to comprehend, i.e. positive values of bias scores reflect an attentional bias for emotional faces, relative to neutral faces (0 = no bias).
The results depend on the presumed values of bias parameters like misclassification probabilities, the distribution of a confounder, and the magnitude of it's effects on X and Y.
These values, we believe, reflect our values of bias for repeatability (Table I); however, our bias was slightly lower, which could be explained by the fact that we did not change the cup angulations because different cup projections have been shown to decrease accuracy by twofold for PolyWare.
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