Giving doctors something of value for referrals is an industry practice that can potentially violate federal antikickback laws, said Bruce A. Levy, a lawyer in Newark who used to work for the United States attorney there.
Only four studies researched cut-off values for referral or repeat testing.
The unadjusted ORs and p values for referral of women and men, according to patient characteristics, are provided as additional data (Additional file 3).
Cut off values for referral were reported in 4 studies and varied between a mean of 5 ng/ml to 13 ng/ml for patients aged 70 84 years old (Table 4) [ 6, 7, 23, 26].
We recommend further research with a large sample of children with CD diagnosed in the last few years to study the most valid simulation values for referral rules based on BMI and other diagnostics.
Screening test performance: essential indicators include the referral rates for repeat cytology and for colposcopy, as well as the positive predictive value of referral for colposcopy, the specificity of the screening test and the rate of detection of histologically confirmed CIN (Appendix Table 2).
Furthermore, the threshold haemoglobin values recommended for referral of iron deficiency anaemia equated to very high risks – at least when compared with the risks inherent in the other symptoms deemed worthy of referral.
Within the NHS breast screening programme, referral rates tend to decrease with age, while cancer detection rates increase in line with underlying incidence, with the result that the positive predictive value of referral for assessment (i.e. the probability that a woman referred will be found to have breast cancer) is likely to be lower below 50 years.
Thus, no definite CEA cut-off value was required for referral for PET/CT.
With the limited number of confirmed cases of diabetes and lack of follow up after elevated RBS, it is difficult to utilize this feasibility assessment to refine the cutoff values for diabetes referral.
