Whether perindopril 8 mg can be considered to be cost effective depends upon individual healthcare systems' threshold values for cost effectiveness.
The acceptability curve presents the probability that a treatment is the most cost effective of the three treatments at different threshold values for cost effectiveness (ceiling ratio), whereas the cost-effectiveness acceptability frontier demonstrates which of the three treatments should be adopted because it results in the highest expected net benefit, given the ceiling ratio.
Findings appeared robust in the alternative scenarios and the probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicate a high probability that the cost effectiveness ratio of ticagrelor is below conventional threshold values for cost effectiveness in patients with ACS scheduled for non-invasive management.
Input values used for cost effectiveness analyses are summarised in web extra appendix 3. To calculate the cost effectiveness of various intervention programmes compared with no programme we combined the estimates of effects and costs.
An infection control policy in the replacement scenario will only be cost-effective, assuming the Dutch threshold value for cost-effectiveness of €20,0000 per life year gained, at higher attributable mortality rates and depends on the effectiveness of the infection control strategy (Figure 2a).
The model outputs have also been expressed in terms of 'decision uncertainty' using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs) which show the probability of each therapy being cost-effective given a particular threshold value for cost-effectiveness [ 23].
Considering the Dutch threshold value for cost-effectiveness of €20,0000 per life year gained a MRSA infection control strategy would be cost-effective when attributable mortality of MRSA is ≥21% in the replacement scenario.
The first step demonstrates, using mathematical equations, the relationship between the price of a new intervention, the ICER, the threshold value for cost-effectiveness, and the cost neutral price (Pn) and the maximum price (Pm) linked to that threshold.
At a small fraction of the per capita income in Mexico, such gains are considered to be exceptionally good value, based on standard benchmarks for cost effectiveness analysis.
In the United Kingdom, The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NICEE) guidance clearly states that for cost effectiveness analysis, the value of health effects should be expressed in terms of QALYs and the measurement of changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) should be reported directly from patients.
