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Looking at specific components of the aggregate value, expenditure on pharmaceuticals was higher in the Italian sample than in the average of OECD countries (16% vs. 13% of overall expenditure), whereas Italian LHAs invested a limited amount of resources in Prevention and Public Health (only 3%).
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When it comes to measuring national income, we're generally valuing expenditures at cost, rather than tracking productivity in terms of results.
(SDAV **/INSS)%: Differences in absolute value of expenditure estimated per cohort as a percentage of total pension expenditure for the population of pensioners for the case of the Sub-m.
(SDAV /INSS)%: Differences in absolute value of expenditure estimated by cohort as a percentage of total pension expenditure for the population of pensioners for the case of the CSWL.
SDAV *: Differences in absolute value of expenditure estimated by cohort obtained by comparing the population of pensioners (INSS) and the stratified random sample (SR).
SDAV **: Differences in absolute value of expenditure estimated per cohort obtained by comparing the population of pensioners (INSS) and the large subsample (Sub-m).
SDAV: Differences in absolute value of expenditure estimated by cohort obtained by comparing the population of pensioners (INSS) and the sample (CSWL).
Unadjusted mean value of expenditure burden increased with in-patient days and severity of injury.
In essence, Democrats want to bake some spending increases into the budget pie for the next decade, rather than having to fight each year just to keep inflation from eating away at the real value of expenditures.
The multiperiod degree constrained minimal spanning tree (MDCMST) problem consists of scheduling the installation of links in a network so as to connect a set of terminal nodes to a central node with minimal present value of expenditures.
He concluded that CSR helps firms to attract consumers who value CSR expenditures but do not mind paying more for the corporate executives or the employees whose personal values are aligned with CSR.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com