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The methodology used to solve this fixed initial value constrained optimal-control problem is a modified version of Biegler (1984, Comput. chem. Engng8, 243).
Although such computations should be performed with integer arithmetic by using 2×⌈log2N⌉+1 bits, only the ⌈log2N⌉+2 least significant bits of f are of practical interest, because they identify the corresponding angular value constrained to the range [0,2π[.
Post-hoc planned comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVA and the P value constrained by the number of comparisons made.
For example, if R = 3/2 (default value), constrained regions are expected to evolve at 2/3 times the neutral rate, until sequence divergence begins to saturate.
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A delisting would erase all shareholder value, constrain the company's access to capital and cloud the company's future as a going concern, analysts have said.
Nonlinear regression on log inhibitor) versus response with variable slope (four parameters) was performed using Graphpad Prism, which determined the IC50 value for each pair of technical duplicates, with minimum values constrained to 0.0.
Model parameter values, constrained to positive values, were found by least-squares minimization (Levenberg Marquardt algorithm) without weighting of data.
Walker et al. [ 39] constructed a computational model of this phenomenon, with parameter values constrained directly from experimental measurements.
We then positioned neurons by placing their somas at random x, y and z values constrained by xmax, ymax and the z l boundaries of the containing layer, and rotating them by random angles.
The hydrogen atoms were refined isotropically on calculated positions using a riding model with their Uiso values constrained to equal to 1.5 times the Ueq of their pivot atoms for terminal sp carbon atoms and 1.2 times for all other carbon atoms.
Note that this formulation does not include breeding values constrained to zero, so that, where the non-singular matrix contains the non-null rows and columns of A X. Define then the matrix M X of order q × q X, such that (5) where Z is the incidence matrix for the random effects in [ 10] and [ 2].
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