But in neither case a measure of moral valuation is given by economic, or more generally, scientific theory.
Recall that a non-Archimedean (or ultrametric) valuation is given by a map | ⋅ | from a field K into [ 0, ∞ ) such that for all r, s ∈ K, (i) | r | = 0 if and only if r = 0 ; (ii) | r s | = | r | | s | ; (iii) | r + s | ≤ max { | r |, | s | }. .
In other words, whilst we expect to upgrade our pretax profit forecasts by 16-22%, we do not anticipate this having a material change to our valuation (given the reduction in surplus capital).
Of course, if all three terms appearing in (74) (that is: the full price, the clean price, and the total valuation adjustment) are given by solutions to particular linear BSDEs, then it is possible to argue that decomposition (74) can be formally justified.
This valuation method, referred in the article as conjoint valuation, gives sufficient flexibility to set, alter, and combine the valuation of different clam management practices.
A share market is implicitly supported by the Chinese government during global stock market turmoil, moreover it has more trading activities and higher valuations given the more speculative nature by primarily retail investors.
Valuations given on the VAS seem biased by scale recalibration, although we need to remind the reader that the results are preliminary.
Valuations given on the VAS seem to be biased by scale recalibration.
Cultural differences might well extend beyond non-monetary health state valuations, given that significant differences in valuations of risk reduction by ethnic background have been demonstrated in a contingent valuation study [ 41].
Without objective valuations or a so-called 'gold standard', our findings cannot implicate that valuations given on the TTO are more accurate than valuations given on the VAS.
