As it is not cost-effective to purify glycerol from waste streams for use in food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics industries, alternative avenues for crude glycerol valorization have been evaluated with a focus on microbial conversions [ 3, 4].
Over the past 30 years, conservative valorization of "market solutions" has been accompanied by deeply racialized notions of government inefficiency that aims to undermine these civil rights achievements by invoking the image of a wasteful, corrupt public workforce — one viewed by many Americans as dominated by African Americans.
Valorization of cocoa pod husk waste has been attempted by producing animal feed (Aregheore 2002; Alexander et al. 2008), black soap (Taiwo and Osinowo 2001), crude gums and pectins for food and pharmaceutical industries (Samuel 2006; Vriesmann et al. 2012) and as a fertilizer in crop production (Oladokun 1986; Iberemo 2010; Oyewole et al. 2012; Gusli 2013).
In this background, the present study has been endeavored to accomplish valorization of pineapple stem for the economical production of the enzyme, pectinase by Bacillus subtilis BKDS1 using pineapple stem extract (PSE) medium.
The joint valorization of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and light cycle oil (LCO) has been studied via hydroprocessing with the aim of valorizing the HDPE and reducing the sulfur and polyaromatic contents in the LCO.
However, valorization of crude glycerol derived from second-generation (2G) biodiesel has been scarcely investigated and, to our knowledge, bioconversion of crude glycerol from the processing of animal fat derived biodiesel has been reported only by Sarma and colleagues [ 16] so far.
While numerous research works are focused on the management of food wastes a lot of work has been done on several such wastes, process efficiency (i.e. extent of waste valorization) along with financial viability still remain serious drawbacks.
Thus, the valorization of the glycerol waste stream through the production of microbial value-added metabolites via fermentative processes has been substantially evaluated.
Information governance has been proposed by many authors as a necessary prerequisite for the establishment of an information valorization process.
The use of nanofiltration (NF) in water treatment has been proposed to improve the quality of the produced water and extend the options of concentrate valorization, taking the benefit of its different ions selectivity patterns.
