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When adherence to the prescribed drug dosage is known, true dose response can be validly estimated, while non-compliance with the nominal prescribed dosage causes unintended variability in actual drug exposure and ensuing difficulty in determining dose response.
Nonetheless, Lewis recognized the need to assure ourselves rationally that the frequency as validly estimated from the data is closely in accord with the actual frequency and that there is nothing in the case at hand affecting the occurrence of the property which isn't taken into account in the specification of the reference class.
The previous comparisons frequently rest on the untested assumption that concepts and measurements reliably and validly estimated among the majority Caucasian culture achieve similar reliability and validity among the Hispanic community.
For the present analyses, we have assumed that airborne endotoxin is the "true" exposure and that average airborne exposure in the first months of life can be validly estimated by a single measurement collected for an average of 1.5 days.
When the interest is in etiologic studies using CAC as outcome parameter, our findings show that risk factor relations will be validly estimated since none of the risk factors relates to measurement error.
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In addition, it needs to validly estimate the impact of packet losses, which seems to be underestimated by some of the currently available models.
There were insufficient data to validly estimate the odds ratio for TB disease.
Under our assumptions, the parameters of the weighted model validly estimate the parameters of a marginal structural model.
Nevertheless, we found that surveys in the elderly may still validly estimate differences in utilization existing between different groups of individuals.
The absence of association supports the assumption of independence required to validly estimate departure from multiplicativity with the case-only design.
Such behavioral changes might limit our ability to validly estimate the associations between more intense levels of these exposures and menstrual cycle factors, because there are fewer women at the extreme levels of exposure.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com