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Empathy ratings using standard validated questionnaire scales in medical school do seem to have some predictive validity when compared to subsequent ratings by clinical tutor/training programme directors post-qualification [ 35] and so research in this area is worthy of more attention.
The survey has also demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity when compared to other measures of loneliness and family functioning.
In previous studies, the TLFB method demonstrated strong reliability and validity when compared to other measures of substance use (Fals-Stewart et al., 2000), including among homeless people (Sacks et al., 2003) and psychiatric outpatients (Carey, 1997).
Although the TLFB method has demonstrated strong reliability and validity when compared to biochemical markers in past studies (Fals-Stewart et al., 2000), associations could be influenced by recall bias.
For many comorbid conditions, RAI-MDS data have low validity when compared to administrative data.
Further, the CSI-32 has sound predictive validity when compared to previous scales [ 17].
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However, one study exists on the validity of sick-leave diagnoses, showing high validity when comparing to diagnoses from medical records.
[ 15] No information about external validity, generalizability, statistical validity, effects when compared to conventional treatments, and other important trial quality items were assessed.
The GDS also showed excellent criterion-related validity (0.95) when compared to psychiatrist diagnosis, and substantial concurrent validity (0.96) when compared with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [ 13].
Similar to our findings, Bastos et al. (2010) and Ladhari (2010) found EFA to be the more commonly utilized construct validity method when compared to CFA.
Total scores on the MASK are internally consistent and convergent validity was adequate when compared to other measures, although both of these findings require replication.
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