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Validity was measured using a Bland-Altman plot, which measures bias between measurement methods as well as variability of scatter.
Construct validity was measured using principal component analysis, and the Pearson Correlation test for item-summary score correlation and inter-instrument correlations.
Construct validity was measured using Spearman's Correlation Coefficient between the scores obtained on the two sections of the B-ECOHS and 1- overall health status rating, 2- oral health status rating, and 3- the child and family sections of the B-ECOHIS.
Content validity of the questionnaire was strengthened by the initial FGD results and construct validity was measured using the discriminance, or the "extreme groups" method (the extent to which the questionnaire produces results that concur with the underlying theoretical construct) [ 22].
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Cronbach's alpha for all of the subscales in the original Swedish study validating the CEQ in a Swedish population are given for comparison.> Construct validity of the CEQ was measured using the methods of known-groups validation as shown in Table 5.
The validity of the VA was measured using the GCS cause of death as the gold standard.
The validity of the BKAC scale was measured using the CVI.
In this sense, responsiveness provides additional evidence of the validity of an instrument, and it was measured using the effect size (ES) which gives a continuous parametric measure of the change between admission and follow-up and can be easily interpreted [ 31- 34].
Scale reliability was measured using a Cronbach alpha test; validity was measured via correlating with a related variable.
76 At programme completion, the social validity of the entire programme will be measured using the Programme Satisfaction Questionnaire adapted from a depression and anxiety prevention programme.
Quantitative outcomes were measured using instruments with demonstrated validity and reliability.
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