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Construct validity was analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal components analysis (PCA).
Discriminant validity was analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann–Whitney tests in groups defined by gender, social position, caries experience and previous or no orthodontic treatment.
Moreover, construct validity was assessed by correlation coefficient, and finally the predictive validity was analysed using linear regression models.
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Known-group validity is analysed using the T-Test.
The quantitative validity of the DESDE-LTC instrument was analysed using a database comprising 1339 services (BSICs), assessed by the core group.
Differences in mean costs will be analysed using standard parametric t-tests with the validity of results confirmed using bias-corrected, nonparametric bootstrapping (repeat re-sampling) [ 40].
The results will be analysed using Spearman's ρ test or Pearson's correlation test to determine the validity of the MMAS and the MTS as well as to compare the validity between the MMAS and the MTS.
Convergent validity was analysed in terms of AVE, using a cutoff point of.50 (Malhotra, 2011).
Construct validity was analysed by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis using the LISREL program [ 16] to test whether or not the items loaded on the intended dimension.
Discriminative validity was analysed by calculating sensitivity and specificity.
Convergent validity was analysed -using correlations between the CiOQ-SCS and the measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms, mental health, anxiety, depression, social support and coping style.
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