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The discriminant validity seeks to demonstrate whether a construct is truly distinct among the other constructs of the model.
Discriminant validity seeks to show low correlations between those dimensions that are theoretically unrelated or weakly related constructs.
The clinimetric property of validity seeks to assess whether a scale measures the concept it purports to measure.
Convergent validity seeks to show that the dimensions of an instrument correlate with other dimensions of that instrument or another instrument which theory suggests should be related to it.
4. Construct validity: Carmines and Zeller [ 12] report that construct validity is concerned with the extent to which a particular measure relates to other measures consistent with theoretically derived hypotheses concerning the concepts that are being measured, i.e. the validity seeks agreement between a theoretical concept and a specific measuring procedure or device.
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Few instruments that attempt to measure attitudes have evaluated criterion validity, which seeks to establish the predictive and concurrent relationship of the instrument to an established criterion (gold standard).
However, Pawson et al. [ 23] suggest an alternative approach; their method focuses on context and external validity, and seeks to answer the questions: which intervention, for which problem, which set of patients is the intervention most effective for, and what outcome does it produce?
Specifically, to demonstrate construct validity, we sought to compare the SPADI with (1) SF-36, a generic health-related quality of life questionnaire with established validity and reliability and (2) shoulder range of motion using a valid and reliable approach.
As reduction in covariate imbalance may suggest increased IV validity, we sought to examine the covariate balance and instrument strength in 25 formulations of the PPP IV in two cohort studies.
Evidence for construct validity was sought by assessing PCO scores of patients with visually significant PCO.
For studies relying on behavioural outcomes, explicit indication of the instrument's validity was sought and reliability coefficients were required.
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