This protocol (testing performance after the application of tDCS) was used to increase external validity of the driving situation and relies on the long-lasting after-effects of tDCS (on the motor cortex until 90 min) [ 16].
While a number of analyses identified Roman murals as not having been painted in fresco [56 61], these results proved unable to open a debate on the validity of the prevailing theory a situation which has continued up to the present day.
Conceptually it is a matter of the internal validity of the study in situations where it has not been possible to document all relevant confounders, which therefore cannot be adjusted for in the statistical analysis.
It is so possible to verify that the validity of the rotordynamic models extends to situations in which fairly large unbalances and whirling motions are present and, above all, it is shown that the doubts forwarded about the application of a model which is based on constant spin speed to the case of free rotors in which the angular momentum is constant have no ground.
Because depressed individuals may decide differently when faced with an abstract, as opposed to a real-life, task (Young and Bentall 1995), and to enhance the ecological validity of the study, hypothetical real-life situations that call for a decision were used in this study.
On the other hand, in such a situation the validity of the scientific hypotheses on which the trial design rests may be questioned, and the sponsor will have to judge whether the updated hypotheses suggest a commercially viable route.
In order to examine the test-retest reliability and the validity of the ten trackers in a standardized situation, the participants walked for 30 min on a treadmill at a walking speed of 4.8 km/h.
We excluded the movement rating from the testing situation because we were interested in the validity of the video activity score outside of our testing situation.
The obstetrician also needs to assist the pregnant woman or the couple in making sense of the situation and recognise the validity of their values and beliefs before action is taken in accordance with the pregnant woman's value based preferences [ 31, 35].
The development of the observation instrument has proceeded in (1) a pilot study in which we developed and evaluated the observation instrument, and (2) a subsequent study to assess preliminary validity of the observation instrument for diabetes-specific situations [ 3].1.
