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To determine the validity of the sample clustering based on the methylation data, a bootstrap test (10 000 sampling steps) was used to calculate the percentage of replicate trees in which the associated samples clustered together (Felsenstein, 1985).
In June 2012, we conducted a pre-test survey to affirm the validity of the sample and reconstructed the wording of our questions to ensure the questionnaire (Additional file 1) was clear and user-friendly.
Snowball sampling has been criticised for selection bias which limits the validity of the sample.
Therefore, those factors may have some bearing toward the validity of the sample representations.
These results can be generalised because of the high external validity of the sample study (recruited in primary care settings).
At the Interim Analysis, the DSMC will also check the validity of the sample size calculation assumptions.
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However, because of their minimal occurrence, these characteristics are not regarded as restrictive to the validity of the samples.
Studies frequently use nasal swabs to determine S. aureus carriage, sometimes supplemented by pharyngeal swabs to increase the validity of the sampling method [ 3- 5].
It is impossible to asses the validity of this sample size as the overall distribution of patients with musculoskeletal problems in Swiss primary care is unknown.
The validity of this sample is supported by the expected prevalence of dry eye and dry mouth, cardinal features of the disorder which are highly predictive of the diagnosis.
To confirm the validity of T1D sample of 1.1 million patients in the MEPS, we apply the same T1D clinically-derived definitions that were described above to the NHANES data.
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