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Though widely used generic observation instruments [ 22- 24] have been developed (based on theory or observations), studies that test the validity of observation instruments are scarce [ 28].
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Repeated measurements may reduce measurement error and increase the validity of observations.
Furthermore, the use of the Charlson comorbidity index, which is widely used to predict hospitalization outcome, increases the validity of observations.
The development of the observation instrument has proceeded in (1) a pilot study in which we developed and evaluated the observation instrument, and (2) a subsequent study to assess preliminary validity of the observation instrument for diabetes-specific situations [ 3].1.
Observing multiple values not only confirms the validity of the observation, but reduces the p-value to the vanishing point, without considering the other few thousand values, which are also larger by at least two standard deviations (each).
To test the validity of this observation, it's worth looking back at the speech President Obama gave almost exactly four years earlier, at the National Archives on May 21 , 2009
argues for the validity of the observation.
To prove the validity of these observation and to investigate the significance of other neurophysiological parameters for the prognosis of migraine further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed.
The validity of this observation can be verified through experimental results are shown in Table 3, where the percentages of skipped MB when CBP for DIRECT16×16 is zero are displayed.
The validity of this observation was corroborated by comparing the data collected from the extraction method against those collected from two independent thermal analytical methods, namely the heat capacity method and the cold crystallization method.
To evaluate statistically the validity of this observation, we plotted the CD56 fluorescence intensity measured for each cell in the population as a function of the distance to the closest neighbour as an estimator of the local cell density.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com