These deficiencies should be rectified to safeguard the scientific validity of articles published in Chinese epidemiology journals.
However, the Court determined that 'by the present action, the applicant seeks to call into question the validity of articles 3 and 4 of the directive alone' (para 124), therefore, this plea necessarily needed to be dismissed.
Regarding statistical conclusion validity of quantitative articles, articles having endogeneity threats received significantly fewer citations than did those using a more robust design or an estimation procedure that ensured correct causal estimation.
The extensive period of time that the two researchers with different backgrounds and preunderstandings spent on the ward strengthens the validity of this article.
The validity of an article was determined by a series of six questions that addressed evidence-based principles (Table 1) [ 32].
The roles of editors involve assessing the external validity of the article with considerations of the appropriateness of the research to the readership of the journal and appointing experienced experts from the same field to review articles [ 21].
The roles of reviewers include assessing the internal validity of an article, such as accuracy and correctness with considerations of the study design, research methodology, statistical analysis and interpretation of results.
These two literature surveillance journals survey a wide range of international medical journals, applying strict criteria for the quality and validity of research articles.
The external validity of the articles were scored ranging from 1 (very strong external validity supported by a large study population, random sample, and explicit analysis of context and intervention factors for which generalization is possible) to 4 (weaker external validity based on weak or selective reference population, and weak intervention and context reference).
The discovery of fraud in the publications by Reuben et al. and the subsequent retraction of 21 peer-reviewed articles on perioperative analgesia, raised additional severe concerns about what is still known about risks and benefits of COX-2 inhibitreatmentment [ 18] and the validity of review articles including such fraudulent data has been questioned [ 19].
