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Divergent validity is achieved when no correlations are obtained between the measures (Pasquali, 2007).
External validity is achieved by replication and nonstatistical reasoning whether we use classical or randomization tests.
This demonstrates that the discriminant validity is achieved, or in other words, scales used in this research can measure various constructs.
If previous predictions of association are accurate, then convergent validity is achieved.
a high validity is achieved otherwise, used in the present study.
Discriminant validity is achieved when the measurement model is free from redundant items [ 14].
Similar(48)
Finally, model validity was achieved through cross-model validation.
Structural validity in terms of descriptive validity was achieved with the experts and was supported by parallel validation.
Consensus on content validity was achieved through a Delphi procedure among experts.
In survey research, it is common to report methods by which reliability and validity were achieved.
External validity was achieved through proximity and similarity (in the selection of companies that had similar strategies but different products and markets (Campbell 1986).
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