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Experimental and archival methodologies complement one another and results that persist in both settings are likely to be robust to both internal and external validity concerns.
Experimental results, subject to external validity concerns, tend to indicate that TDD programmers produce higher quality code because they passed 18% more functional black-box test cases.
These 'external validity' concerns are especially pressing for 'complex' development interventions, in which the explicit purpose is often to adapt projects to local contextual realities and where high quality implementation is paramount to success.
External Validity concerns the applicability of the results in a more general context.
Conclusion Validity concerns the degree to which our conclusions are reasonable based on our data.
Construct validity concerns the ability of the measured data to represent the construct of interest.
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Neglect of the perspective of lay (i.e., non-linguistic) judges on language and communication is a serious validity concern, since they are the ultimate arbiters of what matters for effective communication in the relevant context of language use.
Threats to internal validity concern confounding factors that can influence the obtained results.
Inter-rater reliability scores were low, which could have undermined the internal validity concerning this study.
Finally, threats to external validity concern the possibility to generalize from the study findings to other settings.
Construct Validity and Internal Validity concern the generalisability of the constructs under study, as well as the methods used to study and analyse data (e.g. the types of bias involved).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com