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We would expect content validity approaches in all of the surveys we examined.
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As time progressed in the field of validity studies, the construct validity approach was widely accepted as a general model for validation (Anastasi 1986; Embretson 1983; Guion 1977; Messick 1980 , 1988 , 1989
Our validity approach is, in total, threefold.
However, to further assess the validity of the tool, a known-groups validity approach was taken.
In this study, validity of self-reporting familiarity of assessment vocabulary was confirmed using an internal validity approach.
To bolster the evaluation of validity, we utilized a known-groups validity approach based on the prediction of group differences between types of undergraduate research experience.
Peer judgment is either compared to faculty judgment or self-reports and the quality of PA is determined by a criterion validity approach [ 12, 14- 17].
The cross-cultural validity approach does not seem to be able to fully explain ethnic differences between self-report data and EMR data regarding prescription use.
We used a criterion validity approach to evaluate the responsiveness of the ICBG, given the cross-sectional nature of the data.
The sample of clinical disorders was enriched by a sample with Hyperactivity such that the final sample should show a sufficient variation in hyperactivity for our dimensional validity approach (see below).
Consequently, this lower compliance would provide, in addition to the (cross-cultural) validity approach, an alternative explanation for disconcordance between ethnic differences in self-reports and EMR data concerning prescription use.
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