A schematic representation of databases, data analysis, and experimental validation representing our approach is shown in Figure 1.
8, 37 Temporal validation represents a prospective evaluation of a model, is independent of the original data, and may thus be considered an external validation in time.
Our use of modelling and validation represents an advance on the assessment of exposure for studying risk of cancer near mobile phone base stations because previous studies relied on distance measures only.
Recently published gene expression, as well as proteomic profiling data, indicates new candidate molecules involved in skin cancer pathogenesis, which may after further validation represent new markers superior to existing ones.
However not every academic research unit having developed a biological assay with the potential for high-throughput/content screening will be able to use modern imaging platforms, as all the hardware and software components of a complete screening pipeline (not counting the time for development and validation) represent a significant financial investment.
When a separate set of new data, i.e. a test set, is difficult to gather because of cost or time issues, cross-validation represents the most common solution to achieve an accurate estimate of prediction error.
miRNAs selected for validation are represented in bold miRNAs selected for validation are represented in bold The recognition that PC clusters within families has led to the collection of HPC families with the goal of localizing and identifying PC susceptibility genes.
But, around the world, Nyong'o's selection has generated an outpouring of praise and gratitude, especially from younger women of color, for the "validation" it represents — a validation tainted by its rarity.
In recent years, proteomic researches have revealed numerous proteins as candidate biomarkers, but the lack of protein validation has represented a weakness for their application into clinical practice.
The validation cohort represented a real-world cohort of individuals presenting for EUS, ERCP, or both with suspected PDAC, CP, and choledocholithiasis (controls); plasma and bile panels applied to this validation group had excellent sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PDAC.
In conclusion, the 167 unmatched and consequently excluded records identified during data validation largely represented English and not Welsh patients and their exclusion would consequently not have affected our analysis.
