For conditions with several published validation studies in the pediatric population, such as diabetes, disease specific systematic reviews evaluating the quality of studies should be examined, but only once more studies have been published; at present, there are too few validation studies in pediatric publications to warrant systematic reviews.
Validation studies and systematic reviews of validation studies [ 4- 6] have primarily focused on adult populations; there have been few validation studies conducted in pediatric populations.
In a large cohort validation, CBFA2T3-GLIS2 transcript was recurrently found in pediatric CN-AML cases and predicted poor outcome [ 23].
Future studies may consider using treatment-based algorithms for the purpose of risk stratification when conducting registry-based research in pediatric oncology, though validation in other malignancies and using other indicators of treatment intensity is required.
The development and validation of the PROMIS instrument becomes particularly important in pediatric clinical research and pediatric therapeutics as PROs are acceptable clinical trial endpoints to the Food and Drug Administration [ 18].
Validation of IL-8 and SLC1A3 protein expression in pediatric osteosarcoma tissues further supported the potential value of these novel targets.
Over the years, it was translated and adapted into several languages and the validation studies reported the translated versions could provide reliable and valid measurements as the original and could be used in pediatric cross-cultural comparisons [ 7- 13].
In addition, validation of the pediatric RAI has been published in Kidney International [ 13] and validation of the adult RA proposal was published recently in Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology [ 14].
In addition to its validation in a healthy pediatric population [ 7, 8], bone age measurement using BoneXpert has been evaluated in pediatric patients of short stature, children with precocious puberty and patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia [ 11- 13].
In general, the review issues related to the development and validation of pediatric PRO instruments are similar to those detailed for adults.
