PAM uses internal cross-validation by which 90% of the training samples are randomly selected 10 times, followed by one-by-one class prediction of the remaining 10% of samples, thus identifying classification errors and overfitting [ 18].
The second step of the validation consisted of a standard cross-validation schema by which a random 4/5 of the cancer genes comprised the training sample used to build the GBA to be tested against the remaining 1/5 of the cancer genes (testing sample).
For evaluation purposes, we used 10-fold cross-validation, a procedure by which the training set is divided into 10 random subsets 10 different times, and each time the classifier is trained on nine subsets and tested on the remaining subset.
Face validation is the technique by which a system is evaluated by the feedback from several experts.
Validation is the process by which the reliability and relevance of a procedure are established for a specific purpose.
Validation is a process by which computational predictions are compared with experimental data in an effort to assess the modeling error [6 9].
These different layers of interaction make validation of the mechanisms by which alcohol affects immune function challenging.
Validation is the process by which the reliability and relevance of a test are established for a particular purpose.
In this study, we investigated the methods by which validation studies of PRO have been performed in the PC setting, particularly with regards to test-retest reliability.
