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Our first objective was to describe reported utilization of: analgesics and sedatives; validated scales for pain assessment; validated scales for sedation assessment; protocolized analgo-sedation; and DSI.
Where validated scales will be used these are named and referenced; where validated scales will be modified or items selected, these are shown with a citation only; other outcome variables will be newly derived.
The instruments used in this study were adapted from existing validated scales.
As described below, we used validated scales that have been commonly used in other motivation studies.
Moreover, the level of activity among patients was not well defined, nor constantly measured by validated scales.
Validated scales were used for all measurements.
In further research, validated scales should therefore be employed.
It is not clear whether the authors used validated scales.
The SAHA includes both new scales and existing, validated scales.
3) How does a new scale compare with previously validated scales of urbanicity?
All of the scales presented in this study are validated scales.
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