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We applied a costing methodology that has been validated previously that includes health utilization costs of only hospitalizations, ED visits, physician claims and ancillary services claims that were publicly financed by the Ontario government [ 45– 45].
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Torque measurements were performed following a protocol that was validated previously [21]: the use of a constructed reference plane that can be only minimally altered during orthodontic treatment allows for precise measurements.
In reality, it is usually important that the results be comparable to those of other studies and that an instrument that has been validated previously be maintained; therefore, repeatedly changing tests would be inappropriate.
Segmentation of MRI and further analysis of the PET data was performed using PVE-lab, a software programme that uses a probability map of 35 delineated (grey matter) regions of interest (ROI) that has been validated previously [ 19].
The AVEA is equipped with the Bicore CP100™ pulmonary mechanics monitor that has been validated previously [ 36, 39].
miR-34 suppresses platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFRA) [V] (validated in miRTarBase) and other oncogenes that have been validated previously such as c-Met, NOTCH and Wnt1 [41].
The classification in non-specific LBP or radiculopathy took place before and independent of the standardised MRI description that has been validated previously [ 16].
Dietary intakes were assessed using an eighty-six-item FFQ that has been validated previously against weighed food intakes in the British population.
Between 4000 and 7000 points were taken from each component and the total material loss in volumetric terms was calculated using a dedicated Matlab program (Mathworks, Natick, Massachusetts) that has been validated previously.
If only one core score was available, for example owing to lack of appropriate cell types or core loss, this single score was used; a method that has been validated previously (Camp et al, 2000; Torhorst et al, 2001)).
However, these assumptions have been validated previously [8], [39], [40]., Given that large scale up of ARV treatment programs have only recently occurred in Kenya and Uganda, we do not anticipate that ARV use significantly impacted the relevance of the mortality assumptions used in this analysis.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com