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We constructed variables from previously validated instruments when available.
The quality of life of headache patients should be measured by validated instruments.
Cognitive assessment was measured with validated instruments.
None of the studies used validated instruments.
Both the anxiety and self-efficacy measures are validated instruments.
A questionnaire was developed based on previously validated instruments.
For many languages, validated instruments do not exist.
No studies used validated instruments to assess attitudes.
Measurement of self-efficacy requires carefully developed and validated instruments.
Researchers aiming to measure HRQoL must use existing, validated instruments.
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Both tests are normed and well-validated instruments with robust validity and reliability.
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