In courses with traditional instructional methods, this gap appears to persist; however, when instruction consists of highly interactive, research-validated instruction, the prevalence of an achievement gap is less consistent.
Health utilities were derived from the EQ-5D using validated scoring instructions and UK general population weightings [ 23].
The effective implementation of research-validated instructional strategies will be referred to as reformed instruction (see MacIsaac and Falconer 2002).
Real-time PCR for MT1 was performed using the TaqMan® Gene Expression Assay system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions, using validated probes human MT1 (no. 4331182) and eucaryotic 18S endogenous control (no. 4319413E).
We provided all patients in the intervention group with a validated home BP monitor and instructions on its use.
13 Dietary intake of food and beverages was obtained by means of self-administered 24 h recalls, supported by instructions and a validated photographic manual 14 describing portion sizes.
Despite increased CAM instruction, feasible and validated instruments for measuring learner outcomes in this content area do not widely exist.
Tests were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions or according to validated protocols provided by the developer.
The items of the validated questionnaire were analysed as per the protocol providing detailed instructions for content evaluation.
Quantification of targeted protein mediators (cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase proteins involved in inflammation) was done using validated Luminex bead-based multiplexing assays according to manufacturer's instructions (Luminex, Austin, TX, USA).
The RTOP is a validated observational instrument designed to measure the degree to which classroom instruction uses "reformed teaching" as defined by Sawada et al.
