Now it's more or less uncomplainingly doing these things in yet another imperfectly validated conflict, while according its young soldiers at the sharp end increasing respect.
A growing number of mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo have now been validated as conflict-free, making it easier for companies to keep conflict minerals out of their supply chains.
Apple, for instance, focused its initial supply chain cleanup efforts on tantalum, and announced in February 2014 that all of its tantalum smelters were validated as conflict-free.
CFSI has only validated one conflict-free tungsten smelter so far, an Asia-based factory owned by US company Global Tungsten and Powder Corp.
The HRQOL instruments used have also not been validated in conflict-affected environments.
25 This scale and the cut-off point employed in the current analysis have been previously validated among conflict-affected populations in Rwanda.
The HTQ and HSCL-25 used in this study have been specifically developed and validated for conflict-affected populations and have been used widely in a diverse range of cultural settings [ 8, 13, 15, 24, 27, 28].
Interviews were conducted by trained female interviewers, and data collected included demographics and lifestyle variables, violence (using the previously validated Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), and control (using the Controlling Behaviour Scale Revised (CBS-R).
(ii) Decisional conflict scale (DCS): This 10-item validated scale measures decisional conflict in relation to genetic testing choices, including uncertainty about alternatives, modifiable factors contributing to uncertainty, and perceptions of effectiveness of decision-making [ 32].
Although not validated specifically for post-conflict settings, the PTSD scale has been reliably used in communities in post-conflict settings in Africa including Uganda [ 37], Rwanda [ 22], Liberia [ 20], and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) [ 26], and the MDD scale in Sudan [ 21], Sierra Leone [ 30], Liberia [ 20], and DRC [ 26].
The performance of the new method have been validated by implementing its conflict resolution capabilities in the Facility Description Language (FDL), a computer tool for collaborative facility design, and by applying Facility Description Language for Conflict Resolution (FDL-CR), to resolve typical aforementioned conflict situations.
