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These physiological changes are especially relevant as de novo or inherited mutations in PTEN are emerging as one of the most validated causes of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability and extreme macrocephaly.
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Studies have been conducted to validate cause-of-death statistics in urban China, which also includes urban Shanghai, and data on death certificates have shown reasonable accuracy for major causes of deaths including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
However, the amyloid cascade hypothesis is yet to be validated, and causes of dementia may be multifaceted and involve other mechanisms.
A retrospective record review of deaths in 43 public and private hospitals of Addis Ababa from 2007 to 2010 was conducted to validate causes of death reported by verbal autopsy.
Thus three of the top 20 genes identified by our phenotype sequencing analysis are experimentally validated as causing this phenotype.
Our statistical analysis of these data (4099 mutations from 32 mutant genomes) successfully identified 3 genes (acrB, marC, acrA) that have been independently validated as causing this experimental phenotype.
The SNPs at positions 158585487 and 158594972 had a frequency below the cut off for variant calling, but these were investigated in addition to the called SNPs (SNP 158585487 if validated would cause a non-synonymous change that would be potentially damaging, and SNP 158594972 is at a very high frequency only in one read direction).
A lot of miRNAs have been validated to cause unlimited self-renewal of LCSCs.
The albino trait is known to be due to tyrosinase deficiency (Russell and Russell 1948), and mutations in Tyr have been functionally validated as causing albino coat color (Tanaka et al. 1990).
These candidate hits were then rescreened with eight biological replicates, and 80 of them were validated to cause significant change in CIN (fold change >1.5, P < 0.01) compared with the WT control (Table S4).
However, smoking parameters like amount and duration of smoking may not be the correct measures in validating initiating causes for CRC development.
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