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Exceptions included MdPK and MdPPO-2 that were validated as significant DEGs at six or four months, respectively.
So far, higher frequency of single-nucleotide variants of detoxification and DNA-repair enzymes, alone or in association, have been reported in t-MN, but none has been validated as significant risk factor in large patient groups.
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Clearly, ANNs – as prediction tools – require significant expertise to build, have significant shortcomings, and should be developed and validated as rigorously as logistic regression models [ 12].
It can be intuitively validated as well.
Table 1 shows those factors that were validated as being significant in two or more of the independent cohorts (multi-cohort validation FDR of 2%).
EVLW has been validated as a significant predictor of outcome in ARDS [ 3, 7- 11].
The CD151 has also been validated as a significant prognostic marker of outcome in lung and prostate cancers (Tokuhara et al, 2001; Ang et al, 2004).
Consumption of salted fish has been validated as a significant risk factor for NPC in many studies [ 13- 15, 18, 19].
Thus, the PIP5K2A seem to be validated as a gene being significant differentially expressed in the tumor-stroma cells but not in tumor-epithelial cells of DM vs NoDM patients.
An APRI score ≥ 1.5 has been validated as a marker of significant liver fibrosis in coinfected patients (corresponding to a biopsy score > F2) 21.
This index has previously been validated as a surrogate marker of significant hepatic fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, and has recently been used to determine advanced fibrosis in HIV-monoinfected patients [ 78].
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