If multiple texts were received in response to a sent message, only the first valid text response was kept for analysis.
Furthermore, frequent follow-up on musculoskeletal pain intensity is possible through a time saving, convenient and valid text messaging system [ 42].
Of the 527 ACUDep participants who additionally consented to take part in the SMS sub-study, 373 patients responded with a valid text message to their last follow-up SMS, which broadly coincided with the 3-month PHQ-9 follow-up time point.
Scholars William Uricchio and Roberta E. Pearson noted in the early 1990s, "Unlike some fictional characters, the Batman has no primary urtext set in a specific period, but has rather existed in a plethora of equally valid texts constantly appearing over more than five decades".
(ID 1159) Text responses contained the full range of scores from 1 to 9 and tended to be normally distributed (using all valid texts: n = 6137, mean = 5.0, SD = 2.18, Median = 5.0, Interquartile Range: 3.0-7.0).
Consequently, the complete universe of valid, cited text-mining terms specifically resident within each article is not necessarily recorded by CTD biocurators (28).
Content analysis is a research method that uses a set of procedures to make valid inferences from text and involves defining the content to be studied, the concepts to be measured, the unit of analysis, the sampling plan, and the scheme for categorizing the content [ 23].
According to Krippendorff (2004, p. 18) content analysis is "a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from texts (or other meaningful matter) to the context of their use".
If they miss a valid term that is present in the text, it is because the term was missing from the nomenclature.
The task is defined by the following scoring function: begin{aligned} S A) =left{ begin{array}{ll} 1 &quad text {if valid and no S} 0 &quad text {if not valid} -1 &quad text {if contains S} end{array}right.
"I think the basic historicity of the text is valid and verifiable," said Susan Grossman, the rabbi of Beth Shalom Congregation in Columbia, Md., and a co-editor of "Etz Hayim".
