Exact(18)
Lili is also a welcome and timely reminder that atheism is not just an inevitable result of teaching evolution in the schools but a valid moral alternative, arrived at by observation, reason and the desire for a morality unencumbered by guilt or visions of the next world.
The major factor in my own mistrust is outrage at the wars we have fought in Iraq and Afghanistan for no valid moral purpose.
A brief coda emphasizes the character's pathos — and wonders if obeying orders is ever a valid moral defense — but makes empathy no easier.
At some point Popper, pressed to give an example proving his claim that there were valid moral rules, said something like, "Thou shalt not threaten a visiting lecturer with a poker".
Aquinas held that if positive law is not derived from valid moral principles in either of these two ways, then, to recall Augustine's slogan, such laws are "unjust" and fail to be "law".
We can still condemn "the conscious intention to do harm," he says, and he goes on to sketch a system of social and judicial evaluations that can lead to making valid moral judgments about people without invoking their wills.
Similar(42)
The Christian clergy who embraced Wellhausen's work began to understand that the Bible should not be read as a book of definitive facts and eternally-valid moral prescriptions, but rather as a mythic and poetic record of humanity's spiritual and social evolution.
The various values and commitments to choose from are no less valid or moral for not being "traditional" (whatever that means).
If it is judged useful or necessary to produce more valid inferences, the moral costs involved in obtaining such data need to be considered in relation to the moral benefits that the data may produce, which are in turn contingent upon the scientific and social value of the research.
Of course, there is nothing wrong with owning a pornography business, but mixing that business with a service that has 600,000 users, many aged below 18, does raise some rather valid ethical and moral concerns.
But these are not just two equally valid, though opposite, moral systems.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com