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Pain and distress cannot be determined by measurements such as an electroencephalogram. Behavioral observations, however, are valid measures for assessing pain".
Studying teacher effectiveness: The challenges of developing valid measures.
Valid measures of behavioral outcomes are needed to evaluate interventions.
Values based selection lacks clarity and valid measures.
Pain and soreness aren't valid measures of the benefits of exercise.
McClelland, M. M. & Cameron, C. E. Self-Regulation in Early Childhood: Improving Conceptual Clarity and Developing Ecologically Valid Measures.
To date, there are no reliable or valid measures of the core features of APED use.
Reliable and valid measures of waterpipe smoking are essential to study its health effects.
Task-level metrics of time and motion efficiency are valid measures of surgical technical skill.
Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally.
Studies designed to investigate visual hallucinations (VH) require reliable and valid measures that can appropriately capture peoples' experiences.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com