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Only 11% of the included studies did not use a standardized or valid measurement to measure the physical frailty indicators [ 26, 27, 30] and only 4% did not use a standardized or valid measurement to measure ADL disability [ 38].
Although valid measurement instruments were used, there was a lack of objective outcome measures.
A meta-analysis of behavioral measures will have most power if the same reliable and valid measurement instrument is administered in all cohorts.
Measuring health by self assessed general health is reported to be a valid measurement for other countries as well [ 50].
Pain management outcomes assessment depends on valid measurement of pain.
She has a particular interest in interdisciplinary theory, causal methodology, and ecologically valid measurement.
Thus, to derive a valid measurement we must fall back on our broader objective of fair return to the stockholders.
The exit strategy has proven successful as a valid measurement of student program outcomes.
To determine whether it has been achieved, a reliable and valid measurement tool is necessary.
A further indicator of quality treatment is having reliable, valid measurement systems in place to track patients' response to treatment.
These payments can pose financial hardships for households; valid measurement of this type of economic burden is therefore critical.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com