Some experts may be better at making valid judgements than others.
Limited parent-child agreement does not necessarily reflect lack of valid judgements by one informant, but can be due to the report of uniquely different information [ 10].
Difficulties emerge regarding how to make valid judgements about the value of life to different individuals (or sectors of the population) without unfairly discriminating, or using assumptions that may be flawed - such as the young will actually live longer (and so benefit more) than those who are elderly [ 40].
But the creditors argued that the company was not exercising a valid business judgement, but was participating in legal gamesmanship.
Several researchers have found that judgements based on quality, using specified holistic criteria, resulted in a more valid assessment of performance (Bramley, 2007; Heldsinger & Humphry, 2010; Pollitt, 2012a).
(SD) In contrast, theoretical knowledge was often used by JDs and seemed to contribute in a substantial way to forming valid clinical judgements.
It is well recognised that clinical practice as such requires competence in a range of attributes; therefore no single method of assessment is likely to provide enough data to make a valid and reliable judgement of this integrated competence [ 16].
This study's findings suggest that a single face-to-face appraiser is unlikely to be able to make a valid or reliable judgement about fitness for revalidation, but that anonymous measurement of insightful practice offers an alternative platform from which a robust system of revalidation could be developed and implemented.
Bramley (2007) used the term psychological validity to describe the additional cognitive requirements to make valid and reliable judgements of complex performances, such as scripts, because of the amount of time taken to make the judgement.
The disciplines investigated in this work include performance areas such as visual and performing arts and demonstrate how technology can assist assessors in using appropriate assessment methods in performance to ensure valid and reliable judgements of students' work.
