This result shows that preferred location is not based on a disease-specific set but a common pattern, valid for cancer as well as non-cancer related microRNAs (see Figure S4).
Along the same lines, Shariat et al. [44] reported the need of a well-designed statistical evaluation in the context of defining valid bladder cancer biomarkers, while Behrens and colleagues proposed the validation of bladder cancer biomarkers particularly in prospective studies that meet epidemiological criteria [45].
These measurements are in accordance with Ajzen's suggestions [ 23] and have been shown to be reliable and valid within cancer populations [ 24- 26].
This assumption, of course, may not be valid for cancer incidence but may be reasonable for adenoma for subjects aged over 50 years because they had already had adenoma before first examination.
However, tracer kinetic modelling involves assumptions that may not necessarily be valid in cancer cells [ 14] and represents a technically and computationally complex technique that is not easily implemented in clinical practice.
According the data from this study (see Table 2), the following points should be observed for the implementation of valid breast cancer sizing: 1. IDC can be measured well with all three imaging methods; MRI and mammography are the more exact methods, whilst sonography showed a significant underestimation of the results.
Patient-reported symptoms were measured using the patient scale LCSS, a reliable and valid lung cancer-specific instrument [ 37].
Epidemiologic and experimental evidence using metformin and AICAR suggest that AMPK activation is a valid anti-cancer strategy (Xiang et al, 2004; Evans et al, 2005; Bowker et al, 2006; Zakikhani et al, 2008).
These studies are consistent with our observations that curcumin can cross the BBB, as manifested in increased survival in curcumin-treated Smo/Smo mice, and that curcumin is a valid anti-cancer agent for brain tumors.
