Despite the typically high skewness of cost data, analysis of arithmetic mean is statistically valid, and relevant due to it being proportional to total cost [ 48].
The measurement of condom use self-efficacy requires contextually suitable, valid and reliable instruments due to variability of the scale across nations with different cultural and ethnic backgrounds.
Furthermore, as only a small fraction of known circadian-regulated genes in skeletal muscle are being altered in our study (compared to McCarthy et al. [ 63]), this suggests that these results are valid and not occurring due to minor timing issues that occur during tissue collection.
In contrast, our finding is more robust and valid, due to the sufficiently large sample size from the general population and an adjustment for potential confounders through regression analysis.
Thus, we think that the survey is valid within the district and, due to the small Finnish population, also within our country.
Among them, physical adsorption techniques, which employ hydrophilic materials to remove waste oil from water, is considered as the most economic and valid method due to its high absorption capacity and low cost.
However, we draw more detailed and valid conclusions due to our use of improved methodological rigor.
Only 37 patients with alcohol related self-poisoning had valid observations on HED frequency, and due to few observations, a similar analysis of risk of alcohol-related self-poisonings was not conducted.
Data decay is another prominent problem: with the passage of time, census data ceases to be valid and up-to-date due to mobility, migration, and social change.
Therefore, the estimated parameters are valid and the calculated velocity due to viscoelastic relaxation (Fig. 5; Additional file 1: Figures S6, S7) can be included in the observed velocity.
