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More than three years after Suharto fell, Indonesia has yet to decide what form of government it wants, other than a vague preference for democracy.
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The program — Sponsored Stories — was bewildering to many users, who didn't know that their vague preferences could be exploited for advertising.
In this study, we propose a decision theory, which is capable to deal with vague preferences and imperfect information.
Fuzzy-based quadratic programming is incapable of dealing with ambiguous coefficients or decision makers' vague preferences; interval-based quadratic programming has difficulties in addressing uncertainties presented in terms of probabilistic or possibilistic distributions.
These measures, and the formal methods that employ them, sometimes rely on assessments of what may be only vague individual preferences for trade-offs between different states of health or different kinds of benefits.
But in Britten's "Hymn to St .Cecilia" and elsewhere, murky diction only emphasized the group's general preference for vague soundscapes over responsiveness to text.
She managed to "win" a non-competitive race in Florida this week; and some of the doubts her attack dogs have raised about Mr Obama's lack of experience and the young senator's preference for vague uplift over crisp detail are certainly to the point.
In real-life decision making problems preferences are vague and decision-relevant information is imperfect as described in natural language (NL).
The use of third party "authority" is thoughtlessly rampant in much of everyday life because we like to defer to these generalizations as a way of backing up our own vague and often unexplored preferences.
Often, human judgements and preferences are ambiguous, vague and cannot be estimated with exact numeric value under many conditions, so the crisp values are not suitable to model real-world situations.
Since human judgments including preferences are often vague and cannot be expressed by exact numerical values, the application of fuzzy concepts in decision making is deemed to be relevant.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com