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Black rounded regions in (B) are pores, produced probably at vacuum probe preparing by recovering of liquid (water-rich) inclusions in glass.
Device characterization is done in the BSAC sensor/actuator characterization laboratory, which includes a vacuum probe station and a precision manual probe station, along with $200,000 of Hewlett-Packard time and frequency domain instrumentation.
Temperature-dependent measurements were performed in a Desert Cryogenics vacuum probe station cooled with liquid nitrogen.
Transistor transfer characteristics were measured in the saturation regime (| VD| = 60 V) as a function of temperature in a vacuum probe station.
NASA adapted this method for spacecraft applications and developed other methods, such as a wipe-rinse and vacuum probe method, to assess organisms in outgoing spacecraft (8 – 11, 24 ).
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Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy is performed on a digital prone table (Fisher Imaging Stereotactic Prone Table, Denver, CO) using 11 gauge or 8 gauge vacuum probes (Mammotome, Endo-Surgery, Breast Care, Norderstedt, Germany).
In this study, we measured the work function of olivine mineral based on the measurements of contact potential difference by using an ultrahigh vacuum Kelvin probe force microscopy.
In order to obtain accurate, reproducible, and valid data, the measurements must be carried out under controlled conditions, where various parameters, such as vacuum intensity, probe aperture, time of application, and relaxation need to be determined.
After annealing the nanosheets in vacuum, the probes were repositioned onto the same measurement locations, on the same nanosheet, as shown in the Additional file 1: Figure S1.
Laura Popa (left) and Dana Weinstein test their experimental chip using a cryogenic vacuum radio-frequency probe station.
The target chamber offers the use of tunable metal insulator metal devices as detectors for internal electronic excitation, a time-of-flight system to study the impact induced particle emission and the possibility to transfer samples in situ to an ultra high vacuum (UHV) scanning probe microscope.
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