Exact(7)
Having high peptide density on AuNVs is important for vaccine function because the peptide-coated nanocarriers collect in the endosomes and can mimic the size of pathogens, stimulating DC maturation.
We conclude skinstage-initiated immunosuppression, unassociated with bloodstage parasites, systematically blocks vaccine function in the field.
Detailed reexamination reveals an unexpectedly mundane basis for selective vaccine failure: live malaria parasites in the skin inhibit vaccine function.
Ostensibly, protection is blocked only in endemic areas, implying a conditional difference between laboratory and field infections which systematically triggers an immunological block to vaccine function in the field.
Our main conclusion, that very early, skinstage-induced, antigen-specific regulatory T cells block malaria vaccine function therefore rests empirically but solidly on a straightforward meta-analysis of unbiased experimental data.
Literature searches and resulting datasets of factors contributing to protective vaccine function were therefore comprehensive, and completely unfocused and unbiased with regard to parasite life-cycle stage, antigen character, proposed immune mechanism, mode of application or any other criterion beyond complete protection.
Similar(52)
The underlying mechanisms of how the particles-based vaccine functioned in the immune system are also discussed.
Conventional influenza vaccines function by inducing antibodies against the highly variable surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), and currently take at least 6 months to prepare and distribute once a potential pandemic strain has been identified [1], [2].
Given such clinical results, understanding the underlying mechanism(s) of how DNA vaccines function is remains as a key step for its success.
The goal of a combination strategy is to combine the strength of each immunotherapy approach, with cancer vaccines functioning to "fuel the engine" and immune checkpoint inhibitors working to "release the brake".
However, it has been suggested that recombinant domain III vaccine could function as a booster if used in combination with live vaccine [ 223].
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