Sentence examples for vacancies charge from inspiring English sources

The presented software allows to apply the supercell approximation systematically with an all-in-one implementation of algorithms for structure manipulation, supercell generation, permutations of atoms and vacancies, charge balancing, detecting symmetry-equivalent structures, Coulomb energy calculations and sampling output configurations.

Conversely, the transformation of oxygen vacancies charge from 2+ to neutral by opposite voltage polarity (bipolar) or Joule heating (unipolar) will lead to oxygen vacancies diffuse from their configuration to other sites, in other words, disruption of filament made by oxygen vacancy [102].

However, the five-member committee on vacancies charged with designating a replacement on the ballot has yet to meet.

In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the effects of Bi substitution for Pb, along with the formulation of Pb vacancies for charge compensation.

Such doping provokes the formation of oxygen vacancies for charge compensation that play an important role in stabilizing the cubic and tetragonal structures [15, 16].

Moreover, when replacing Li+ ions, the dopant ions are bound to create some oxygen-related defect centers or Li+ vacancies for charge compensation.

The protonation on both crystalline and amorphous phase caused defects, mainly titanium rather than oxygen vacancies and charge and/or volume-compensating defects.

Moreover, on replacing Li+ ions, the dopant ions are bound to create some oxygen-related defect centers or Li+ vacancies for charge compensation.

Doping of aliovalent oxides stabilizes the cubic phase of ZrO2 [56], and the substitutional cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Y3+) will generate oxygen vacancies for charge compensation which makes a fast ionic conductor.

Aggregation of the vacancies into charge neutral combinations (defect clusters) will further suppress this process.

The few hotels with vacancies are charging astronomical rates.