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A barcode scanner was utilized to read the barcode.
The open circuit voltage (∼±0.8 V) and short circuit current (∼±6 μA) that arise from non zero-crossing current voltage characteristics have been utilized to read the ON and OFF states for non-volatile memory application of the devices.
If the target size is small, then only a small number of contacts between the protein and the DNA can be utilized to read out genomic information and sequence space is consequently minimal.
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On each platform, for each base in reads, image parameters such as intensity level, background and noise are utilized to generate reads and quality scores.
The MG-RAST v.3.0 online server quality control pipeline was utilized to remove reads of short length and poor quality before annotation and the analysis of metagenomic data [ 26].
BAM alignments generated by TopHat were then utilized to calculate Reads Per Kilobase of gene per Million mapped reads values (RPKM), and indexed using in-house scripts and tools for each individual gene model and sample.
The nucleotide sequence is determined for each read by the base-caller; the assembler then is utilized to piece the reads together into their original order, but must account for insertions, deletions, rearrangements, inversions, and sequence divergence in doing so.
Then TopHat was utilized to align these reads to the reference genome permitting four mismatches considering their germplasm variances.
Cross_match (Phil Green, http://www.phrap.org) was utilized to align the reads assigned to each bin to the corresponding ~100 kb of genomic sequence.
Only spacer combinations that were present in 60%% of the reads were utilized to reconstruct CRISPR loci, while reads that had similar CRISPR spacers within a subject with their order altered were discarded, as they may represent lesser abundant CRISPR loci or could occur from PCR amplification artifacts.
Genscan was utilized to identify open reading frame matches to GenBank entries [ 33].
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