Since the jammers already obtain the resource in the beginning of the superframe (i.e., has already utilized the period β indicated in Fig. 2 a), the MUE has no need to pause the transmission to give way for the jammers and thus saves the cost of performance loss in the second stage compared with classical spectrum leasing.
Latta also felt that despite being familiar with the setting, Gaiman never utilized the period to its full potential.
Birds commonly rely on fat for insulation and as an energy source to be utilized during periods of food scarcity, low temperature or during migration (King, 1972).
For example, a run-in period can be designed, perhaps utilizing the period between screening and enrollment, to collect more baseline information on potential trial populations with respect to the variables that are likely to be of primary importance to study success.
Meanwhile, PR utilizes this period to transmit the corresponding designed artificial noise.
Our proposed scheme utilizes this period for user devices to scan channels, associate, and synchronize with a target transmitter, respectively.
This shifting technique is accomplished by storing energy during off-peak periods to be utilized during peak periods.
The mean standing biomass of sardinellas and Cunene horse mackerel of 500,000 t compares with a mean annual catch of 230,000 t in the period which perhaps roughly indicates that these resources were fully utilized over that period.
Equation (4) describes that the number of machine type m utilized in the period t is equal to number of utilized machines of the same type in the previous period plus the number of new machines of the same type purchased at the beginning of the current period.
According to our analyses, the 2 year follow-up period utilized by Chang et al. and 3 year utilized by Malik et al. may already be well established by the end of the first year post-nadir10,21 post-nadir10,21
