The findings indicated that almond shell as agro-waste material is a valuable renewable natural resource for composite production and could be utilized as a substitute for wood in composite industries.
Collagen-glycosaminoglycan (C-GAG) sponges are commonly utilized as a substitute for the extracellular matrix of dermal tissue.
In this study, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) N-phenylaminopropyl was utilized as a substitute for the curing agent of the epoxy resin.
The proposed spherical pump has many advantages and can be utilized as a substitute for other pumps in some special fields, such as hospital facilities and household appliances.
With the advantage of lower cost, faster currative effect, and little side effect, berberine, the newly-discovered LPS antagonist, could be widely utilized as a substitute for expensive drugs in the treatment of LPS-induced diseases.
Currently, several types of biomaterials can be utilized as bone substitutes.
Therefore, before utilizing the EC lines as substitutes for primary ECs in vitro, it remained to be demonstrated that the immortalized cells retained much of the normal physiology of ECs.
According to the results, the ferronickel slag could be readily utilized together with natural pozzolan as substitutes for cement, presenting significant environmental benefits in waste management practice.
Much more value may be obtained if lignin could be utilized as feedstock for value-added chemicals such as substituted aromatics [ 7, 8].
To expand on the range of products which can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass, the lignin component should be utilized as feedstock for value-added chemicals such as substituted aromatics, instead of being incinerated for heat and energy.
The SMS were utilized to substitute for cottonseed hulls as the substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation.
