Ruthenium containing complexes have long been known to be well suited for biological applications, and have long been utilized as replacements to popular platinum based-drugs.
Dictionary learning (DL) is utilized as a replacement for the use of a fixed dictionary for representing data.
However, it has been proven that POFA is a pozzolanic material that can be utilized as cement replacement in concrete.
In the last three decades, supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, silica fume and ground granulated blast furnace slag have been judiciously utilized as cement replacement materials as these can significantly enhance the strength and durability characteristics of concrete in comparison with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) alone, provided there is adequate curing (Neville 1997).
In a low-cost recycling method for abattoir wastes, a blend of bovine blood and rumen digesta, bovine-blood-rumen-digesta-mixture (BBRDM), has been utilized as a replacement to full-fat soybean meal in broiler chickens' starter and finisher diets (Odunsi et al. 2004).
Steel slag is an industrial by-product which has a potential of being utilized as a partial replacement to coarse aggregate in concrete.
Total solids, ash, protein, fat, and sugar contents of the milk were similar among diets for both cow breeds, except Bunaji ash contents that ranged (P < 0.05) from 0.77 g 100 g− 1 for Diet B to 0.83 g 100 g− 1 for Diet D. The results suggest that sweet potato forage could be utilized as whole or partial replacement for DBG and CSM to save cost under smallholder farming systems.
These experimental findings suggest that, from a physics point of view, graphene can be utilized as transparent electrodes as a replacement for metal electrodes while producing better and cheaper MCT infrared detectors.
Despite the reduction in the workability and strength, based on the review, it is suggested that seashell waste could still be utilized as a partial aggregate at a replacement level of up to 20% for adequate workability and strength of concrete for non-structural purposes.
Yeliz Karadayi, an interaction designer from Carnegie Mellon University, said this about telerobotics: "I certainly hope that this competition will start a dialogue in which people understand that robots are best utilized as collaborators with humans, instead of as replacements for humans".
