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Both experiments utilized a crossover design with 12 lactating, multiparous, Holstein cows each (including 4 ruminally cannulated cows) and consisted of two 26-d periods.
In the present study, we utilized a crossover design and compared changes in total bacteria amounts in dental plaque and tongue coating samples obtained from subjects with and without tongue cleaning using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.
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For this analysis, we elected to utilize a crossover design rather than analyzing two parallel groups to eliminate any potential confounding factors that may influence clinical outcomes.
Group 1 consisted of 7 weaned calves that were 7-10 moldhs old and utilized a crossover experimental design where the calves were given each treatment for three weeks.
Forty multiparous and 20 primiparous lactating Holstein cows were utilized in a crossover design with 21-d periods.
Forty low-RFI (more feed efficient) and 40 high-RFI (less feed efficient) castrated male pigs (barrows; 46.5 ± 8.6 kg) from 8th generation Yorkshire RFI selection lines were randomly selected and evaluated once using HAT and once using NOT over a four week period utilizing a crossover experimental design.
We did not use a crossover design.
The study utilized a balanced crossover design.
49 This trial utilized a randomized, crossover design and each patient received denosumab 60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months for 12 months and alendronate 70 mg orally every week for 12 months, one after the other.
However, we utilized a case-crossover design in which within-subjects effects were tested across repeated measures.
The present study utilized a case-crossover design which is most suitable for studying relations with the following characteristics: 1) the individual exposure varies within short time intervals; 2) the disease has abrupt onset and short latency for detection; and 3) the induction period is short [ 17].
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