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In order to completely utilize the substrates and produce multiple products in one process, industrial microbiome based on microbial consortium draws more and more attention.
However, no evidence exists as to whether C. thermocellum can utilize the substrates of this enzyme, CO or the reverse reaction, CO2 as a carbon source.
In batch cultures containing a mixture of carbon sources, microbial cells utilize the substrates either sequentially, a phenomenon known as diauxic growth, or simultaneously depending on the medium [ 61, 62].
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It is critical to utilize the substrate bias voltage to attract the sputtered ions in high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) plasmas which contain a large amount of target ion species.
We detected these probes using an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated digoxigenin antibody, utilizing the substrates nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP) to then detect the alkaline phosphatase activity (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
The strain grown on a mixture of 40 g L−1 glucose, 40 g L−1 xylose and 20 g L−1 glycerol utilized the substrates at maximum consumption rates of 0.833 g L−1 h−1, 0.721 g L−1 h−1 and 0.119 g L−1 h−1, respectively, and yielded 13.6 g L−1 of TAGs after 7 days of cultivation.
The C. utilis population quickly utilizes the substrate as it is an r-strategist and is less sensitive to oxygen deficiency.
Epitaxial γ-Fe2O3 films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition at 350 °C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere onto a (0 0 1) or (1 1 0) MgO substrate utilizing the substrate template effect, while the corundum structure α-Fe2O3 was obtained when the same experiment was conducted using sapphire or quartz substrate.
Note that under the conditions of these experiments, the diatoms and the bacteria could utilize the organic substrates in the medium.
The strain was able to utilize the following substrates: glucose, phenylacetate, citrate, malate, mannose mannitole and gluconate.
Genetic knockout of OMA1 results in mice that are unable to adapt their metabolism to utilize the appropriate substrates, revealing the importance of OMA1-mediated cleavage (Quiros et al., 2012).
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